NIOSH pocket guide to chemical hazards: naphtha (coal tar). 139, pp 427-37, 2010. [6] Our 2008 follow-up testing found that phthalate levels had dropped in some – though not all – of the products tested previously in 2002. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519124/pdf/envhper00355-0058.pdf. Jane Iredale, whose namesake fifteen-year-old skincare and cosmetics company is phthalate- and paraben-free, substitutes natural antioxidants for synthetic preservatives and sponsors events held by Teens for Safe Cosmetics, a branch of the nonprofit environmental organization Search for the Cause. [6] Our 2008 follow-up testing found that phthalate levels had dropped in some – though not all – of the products tested previously in 2002. [7] The Upside Parabens are synthetic preservatives found in all sorts of things; from foods to pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and personal care products like deodorant and shampoos - probably most of your old favorites. August 18, 2014. [27] Swan SH., Environmental phthalate exposure in relation to reproductive outcomes and other health endpoints in human. [7], Phthalates are commonly found in human urine samples. [40] Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. [30] One of the ways that phthalates interfere with reproductive function is by reducing the levels of sex hormones, which are critical for development and functioning of the sex organs, including breasts. In field research, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics only found phthalates listed as an ingredient in nail polish,[5] but our 2002 report, Not Too Pretty, detected phthalates in nearly three-fourths of tested products. [2] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). DEP is also used in fragranced products to help the scent stay on longer. In the most recent data from the National Biomonitoring Program, the highest levels are found in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Mexican-Americans. Phthalates. 67, pp 2025-2035, 2004. 4, pp 377-84, 2014. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228746/. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf. [21] Hauser R, et al., DNA damage in human sperm is related to urinary levels of phthalate monoester and oxidative metabolites. MINERAL OIL. None of the 72 products tested had phthalates listed on the labels. 113, pp 1056-1061, 2005. [25] Swan SH, et al., Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. August 18, 2014. Diethylhexyl phthalate harms the reproductive system and can affect the developing fetus. 24, no. [15],[16]Shorter ano-genital distance is characteristic of female sex in both humans and animals. 30, no. Dry … Parabens get into our bodies primarily through the products we slather on our skin, as well as through we put on and rinse off like soaps, shampoos, conditioners, and even face cleansers and masks. Climacteric, vol. Gabriola, BC, Canada: New Society Publishers, pp. [Internet]. [38],[39] The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health demonstrates that DEHP can cause liver tumors in animals. Phthalates help fragrances and perfumes adhere to skin. August 18, 2014. Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22197707. 2, pp 115-41, 2011. [7] Archer L, Brody C, Malkan S, Sarantis H (2008). Found in: toothpaste, deodorant, antibacterial soap. Dibutyl phthalate. [11] European Commission. [24] Exposure to phthalates, especially DBP and DEHP, can reduce fetal testosterone production, and these anti-androgenic effects may alter fetal cell differentiation and function, leading to altered male genital development. [9] While levels of DEP have declined over time, disparities in exposure persist. [36] Kim IY, Han SY, Moon A. Phthalates inhibit tamoxifen-induced apoptosis in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. [22] Jurewicz J. It has been very difficult, however, to determine the minimum level of exposure when these problems arise. August 18, 2014. Another study, led by Dr. Shanna Swan of the University of Missouri, identified developmental abnormalities in male infants correlating to high phthalate levels in their mothers’ bodies. [18] Main KM, et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. Available online: https://www.byrdie.com/free-nail-polish-14-brands-worth-your-money-346730 August 14, 2014. August 18, 2014. Shown to damage the liver, kidneys, lungs and reproductive systems in animal studies, phthalates can be absorbed through the skin or inhaled. 6, pp 507-14, 2010. [30] One of the ways that phthalates interfere with reproductive function is by reducing the levels of sex hormones, which are critical for development and functioning of the sex organs, including breasts. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. In cosmetic products, they are also used as softeners. Female laboratory rats chronically exposed to DBP and other phthalates showed altered sex hormones and increased likelihood of fetal loss. August 18, 2014. Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. August 18, 2014. A Little Prettier. Available online: http://www.safecosmetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/A-Little-Prettier.pdf August 18, 2014. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf August 14, 2014. [16] Breast Cancer Prevention Partners Glossary of Exposures: https://www.bcpp.org/resource/phthalates/, [17] Swan SH, et al., Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. IRIS: Di(e-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP). 93, no. Pronounced THAL-ates, these chemicals, which are linked to endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and cancer, have been banned from cosmetics in the European Union, but still remain prevalent in U.S. products. Of the samples tested, only four had phthalate levels above the reporting limit – the majority (26 out of 30) had no detectable phthalate … phthalates are also present in cosmetics, nail polish, hair products, skin care products, and some medications. A variety of environmentally persistent chemicals, including some phthalate plasticizers, are weakly estrogenic. Non-hispanic whites have the lowest levels. Available online: https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf August 13, 2014. But a recent study by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) found that five percent of women between age 20 and 40 had up to 45 times more phthalates in their bodies than researchers initially hypothesized. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21594692 August 14, 2014. They're the reason your skin care products can live for years in the back of your medicine cabinet. Pronounced THAL-ates, these chemicals, which are linked to endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, and cancer, have been banned from cosmetics in the European Union, but still remain prevalent in U.S. products. Most of the mainstream hair sprays, deodorants, nail polishes and perfumes that millions of people use every day contain these harmful chemicals. Phthalates (US: / ˈ θ æ l eɪ t s /, UK: / ˈ θ ɑː l eɪ t s /), or phthalate esters, are esters of phthalic acid.They are mainly used as plasticizers, i.e., substances added to plastics to increase their flexibility, transparency, durability, and longevity. [39] Chen FP. [18] The Truth About Skincare's Biggest Bad Guy. 3, pp 331-338, 2002. An analysis of the 1999-2000 data from the CDC’s National Biomonitoring Program found metabolites of DEP in all 2,540 samples and metabolites of DBP in 99% of samples. 2007. Available online: http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/3/688.full.pdf+html. Not Too Pretty: Phthalates, Beauty Products and the FDA. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326419. 4,6,7,11,12. [31],[32],[33], Cancer: The National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report that DEHP is reasonably to be anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of animal studies. Many times you have no idea that these toxins are in your hair and skin care products because it isn’t listed in the ingredient label. Available online: http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table August 13, 2014. Diethyl phthalate. 213, pp 15-20, 2012. Scientists at government agencies in … Society of Reproduction and Fertility, vol. 22, pp 688-695, 2007. [38],[39] The National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health demonstrates that DEHP can cause liver tumors in animals. [14] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX). Because they are in so … [10], HEALTH CONCERNS: Endocrine disruption, developmental and reproductive toxicity, cancer MORE... Two decades of research suggest that phthalates disrupt hormones, which can lead to harm during critical periods of development. August 18, 2014. 113, pp 1056-1061, 2005. Phthalates. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. [9] Manori JS, et al., Urinary levels of seven phthalate metabolites in a human reference population. It has also been classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer as possibly carcinogenic. Female laboratory rats chronically exposed to DBP and other phthalates showed altered sex hormones and increased likelihood of fetal loss. Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=527 August 13, 2014. Abstract online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19235623. But such labels remain to be seen, even though 99 percent of cosmetics contain one or more untested ingredients. They are used hundreds of products such as detergents, automative parts, vinyl flooring and personal care products. August 13, 2014. Long words are a little bit intimidating, … Available online: https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0438.html. [34] National Toxicology Program. [11] In addition, the Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX) includes DEP,[12] DEHP,[13] and DBP[14] as endocrine disruptors. [26] Main KM, et al., Human breast milk contamination with phthalates and alterations of endogenous reproductive hormones in infants three months of age. … [37] Alam MS., et al., Induction of spermatogenic cell apoptosis in prepubertal rat testes irrespective of testicular steroidogenesis: a possible estrogenic effect of di(n-butyl) phthalate. They are often included in … [12] The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX). [3] European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). 1, pp 189-95, 2006. August 18, 2014. 112, no. CDC found phthalates in virtually every person tested, but the largest concentrations -- 20 times higher than the rest of the population -- were found in women of child-bearing age. For many of us, our exposure to phthalates may be low on any given day, but we absorb these small quantities of chemicals frequently, over decades. Women, especially black women, have been found to have a higher body burden of certain chemicals found in cosmetics, including parabens and phthalates… Too many beauty or self-care products contain phthalates that go directly onto your skin and into your pores. Additionally, phthalates are used in personal skin care products for viscosity control and are also used as stabilizers, dispersants, lubricants, binders, emulsifying agents, and suspending agents. Other Common Products Include: 113, pp 1056-1061, 2005. What are Phthalates? Research in adult human males has found that sperm quality and male infertility are associated with levels of MEP and MEHP (metabolites of DEP and DEHP) [21],[22],[23] and that higher levels lead to more strongly impaired sperm motility. Health advocates were temporarily relieved when the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced that it would begin enforcing a 1975 law requiring labels on products with ingredients that haven't been safety tested. A review of epidemiological studies. [25],[26],[27], The female reproductive system may be less sensitive to phthalate exposure than the male reproductive system,[28] although a few studies have found female reproductive effects. In field research, the Campaign for Safe Cosmetics only found phthalates listed as an ingredient in nail polish,[5] but our 2002 report, Not Too Pretty, detected phthalates in nearly three-fourths of tested products. 108, pp 177-84, 2008. August 18, 2014. Toxicological Science, vol. Toxicological Science, vol. Available online: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/1/189.full.pdf+html. Available online: https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf August 13, 2014. Two decades of research suggest that phthalates disrupt hormones, which can lead to harm during critical periods of development. Two are widely used in personal care products: 1) dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used in nail polish, and is listed by the EU as an endocrine-disrupting compound of high concern. Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate. Pregnant women’s exposure to the phthalates DBP and DEHP has been associated with a shortened distance between the anus and genitals in their male babies, indicating a feminization had occurred during prenatal genital development. July 24, 2008. Larry West is an award-winning environmental journalist and writer. [25],[26],[27] Candidate list of substances of very high concern for authorization: DEHP. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. A petroleum by-product that coats the skin like plastic, clogging its pores. Available online: https://static.ewg.org/reports/2002/NotTooPretty.pdf?_ga=2.79541012.1878150350.1597799880-1583975922.1597799880 August 18, 2014. [17] Other research in humans has shown altered hormone levels in baby boys exposed to DEP and DEHP in breast milk. Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=505 August 13, 2014. FOUND IN: Color cosmetics, fragranced lotions, body washes and hair care products, nail polish and treatment. [8] The researchers speculate that the high prevalence of DEP is the result of the chemicals’ use in cosmetics and other fragranced products. Cancer: The National Toxicology Program and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency report that DEHP is reasonably to be anticipated to be a human carcinogen based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity of animal studies. What they are: Compounds used in antiperspirants to stop the sweat ducts from releasing sweat to the surface of the skin. August 18, 2014. BHA (Beta Hydroxy Acid) Retinol. The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (CPSIA) banned the use of three phthalates in toys and child care articles at concentrations greater than 0.1 percent: di-2- Triclosan was all … Scientists at government agencies in both the U.S. and Canada agree that exposure to the chemicals could cause a wide range of health and reproductive problems in people. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol. 3, pp 331-338, 2002. Abstract Available Online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551087. Abstract Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15513900. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21594692 August 14, 2014. She is known worldwide as The Cosmetics Cop and creator of Paula’s Choice Skincare. Available online: http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=510 August 13, 2014. By Zoe Dubs. 68, pp 1995-2003, 2005. They are found in so many plastic products that we use everyday. Phthalates (THAL-ates) are chemicals that make plastic soft and flexible. Phthalates may also be inhaled through vapors from fragranced cosmetics or cleaning products absorbed through the skin. Reports on Carcinogens, twelfth edition, 2011: Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Available online: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/roc/twelfth/roc12.pdf August 13, 2014. A salt or ester of phthalic acid used in the preparation of plastics and solvents. Phthalates are in so many products, they are industrial plasticizers aimed to make items more flexible and give them work-ability. Environmental Health Perspectives, vol. Dibutyl phthalates. GLOSSARY. [15] Swan SH, et al., Decrease in Anogenital Distance among Male Infants with Prenatal Phthalate Exposure. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15513900, http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/139/2/427.full.pdf+html, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1519124/pdf/envhper00355-0058.pdf, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24228746/, https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0438.html. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part B: Critical Reviews, vol. International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, vol. [4] 2) DEP is widely used in scented products to help the scent linger, although it is rarely found on labels because it is a constituent of the ubiquitous ingredient “fragrance.” A third phthalate, Di-2-ethylhexylphthalate (DEHP) is found in eyelash glue, and is widely used in other consumer products. Phthalates are a large group of chemicals often used to soften plastic. Phthalates. [24] Pant N., et al., Environmental and experimental exposure of phthalate esters: The toxicological consequence on human sperm. In the most recent data from the National Biomonitoring Program, the highest levels are found in non-Hispanic blacks, followed by Mexican-Americans. Available online: http://www.reproduction-online.org/content/139/2/427.full.pdf+html. Available online: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf. 112, no. Phthalates share a similar chemical structure and are widely used in consumer products.MORE... Two are widely used in personal care products: 1) dibutyl phthalate (DBP) is used in nail polish, and is listed by the EU as an endocrine-disrupting compound of high concern. The non-profit Environmental Working Group launched the Not Too Pretty campaign to raise awareness about the dangers of phthalates, industrial chemicals that are used as solvents in many cosmetics. 18-19. [23] Kamrin MA., Phthalate risks, phthalate regulation, and public health: a review. [15],[16]Shorter ano-genital distance is characteristic of female sex in both humans and animals. [35] U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Toxicology Letters, vol. 2, pp 115-41, 2011. Research in adult human males has found that sperm quality and male infertility are associated with levels of MEP and MEHP (metabolites of DEP and DEHP) [21],[22],[23] and that higher levels lead to more strongly impaired sperm motility. & Hanke W., Exposure to phthalates: reproductive outcome and children health. Human and Experimental Toxicology, vol. It also provides information on many other chemical compounds found in products beyond just cosmetics, including sunscreens, baby products, and toothpaste. [36],[37] Both DEHP and DBP appear to have weak estrogenic effects. The most common beauty products they are found in are moisturizers and nail polish. Phthalates are also employed as plastic softeners in many different consumer products, including children’s toys and medical devices. BB Cream. Levels of DEP metabolites were higher among non-Hispanic blacks, perhaps due to frequent and prolonged use of products marketed specifically to girls and women of color. Available online: http://toxsci.oxfordjournals.org/content/93/1/189.full.pdf+html. © 2020 Campaign for Safe Cosmetics, a project of, https://echa.europa.eu/documents/10162/13641/dbp_echa_review_report_2010_6_en.pdf, https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.003.829, https://www.byrdie.com/free-nail-polish-14-brands-worth-your-money-346730, https://static.ewg.org/reports/2002/NotTooPretty.pdf?_ga=2.79541012.1878150350.1597799880-1583975922.1597799880, http://www.safecosmetics.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/A-Little-Prettier.pdf, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1241863/pdf/ehp0112-000331.pdf, https://www.cdc.gov/exposurereport/pdf/FourthReport_UpdatedTables_Sep2013.pdf, http://ec.europa.eu/environment/archives/docum/pdf/bkh_annex_13.pdf, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=527, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=505, http://endocrinedisruption.org/popup-chemical-details?chemid=510, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1280349/pdf/ehp0113-001056.pdf, https://www.bcpp.org/resource/phthalates/, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1367843/pdf/ehp0114-000270.pdf, http://echa.europa.eu/web/guest/candidate-list-table, http://humrep.oxfordjournals.org/content/22/3/688.full.pdf+html, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21594692, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19235623, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20551087. [3] Some companies have phased DBP out of nail products. [29] A study of infertile couples found significantly exposure to DEP among infertile men and higher DEP and DBP exposure among infertile women. Parabens are a family of related chemicals that are commonly used as [34],[35] DBP has been shown to cause proliferation of breast tumor cells and to make anti-estrogen treatments, such as tamoxifen, less effective against tumors. Environmental Health Perspectives 103(6):582-7. [9] While levels of DEP have declined over time, disparities in exposure persist. The most common type of phthalate used in skincare products is diethyl phthalate … They are often included in many fragrances used in skincare products to make the scents linger. , skin care products breast cancer and with hormonal disruptions in young girls and women ] Archer L Brody. Salt or ester of phthalic acid used in the back of your Medicine cabinet directly onto your skin and to! 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